De multe ori am nevoie de conectarea rapida a unui afisaj LCD cu 16 coloane si 2 randuri si lumina de fundal (1602A, comandat de HD44780 sau echivalent).
Dispun de o intefata pe protocolul i2c, dar vreau ceva rapid pentru interfatarea paralela. Cand am achizitionat placa Arduino, am luat si un afisaj, asa ca am fost nevoit sa-i fac si atunci o interfata, dar nu aveam prea multa experienta cu modul rapid de conectare:
Am redesenat partea de modul, pastrand optiunea de a putea controla LED-ul de fundal (stins permanent, aprins permanent sau functie de comanda data de pe placa de dezvoltare).
Dupa cum se observa, vom conecta doar 6 pini digitali si alimentarea, optional putand comanda si lumina de fundal...
Fata de articolul precedent in care am controlat intensitatea luminoasa a unui bec din soft sau cu ajutorului unui buton prin crestere de la zero pana la maxim intr-un anumit numar de pasi, apoi de la maxim la minim, acum am mai pus un buton fara retinere astfel pot creste sau scade intensitatea dupa dorinta.
Prima data am ales varianta cu 2 trepte de intensitate (bec stins, la 50% si la maxim), realizand si un mic filmulet numit ac light dimmer with Arduino (IX):
Starile sunt: - bec stins (LED albastru la maxim):
The hardware consists of an Triac to act as an A/C switch and an opto-isolator to give us a zero-crossing reference. The software uses two interrupts to control dimming of the light. The first is a hardware interrupt to detect the zero-cross of the AC sine wave, the second is software based and always running at 1/128 of the AC wave speed. After the zero-cross is detected the function check to make sure the proper dimming level has been reached and the light is turned on mid-wave, only providing partial current and therefore dimming our AC load.
adapted sketch by niq_ro from http://www.tehnic.go.ro http://www.niqro.3x.ro http://nicuflorica.blogspot.com version: 4m0 (03.04.2013 - Craiova, Romania) */ #include <TimerOne.h> // Avaiable from http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Code/Timer1 volatile int i=0; // Variable to use as a counter volatile boolean zero_cross=0; // Boolean to store a "switch" to tell us if we have crossed zero int AC_pin = 3; // Output to Opto Triac int buton1 = 4; // first button at pin 4 int buton2 = 5; // second button at pin 5 int redLED = 11; // red LED at pin 11 int blueLED = 10; // blue LED at pin 10 int dim = 128; // Dimming level (0-128) 0 = on, 128 = 0ff int pas = 64; // step for count; int freqStep = 75; // This is the delay-per-brightness step in microseconds. // It is calculated based on the frequency of your voltage supply (50Hz or 60Hz) // and the number of brightness steps you want. // // The only tricky part is that the chopper circuit chops the AC wave twice per // cycle, once on the positive half and once at the negative half. This meeans // the chopping happens at 120Hz for a 60Hz supply or 100Hz for a 50Hz supply. // To calculate freqStep you divide the length of one full half-wave of the power // cycle (in microseconds) by the number of brightness steps. // // (1000000 uS / 120 Hz) / 128 brightness steps = 65 uS / brightness step // // 1000000 us / 120 Hz = 8333 uS, length of one half-wave. void setup() { // Begin setup pinMode(buton1, INPUT); // set buton1 pin as input pinMode(AC_pin, OUTPUT); // Set the Triac pin as output pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output pinMode(blueLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output attachInterrupt(0, zero_cross_detect, RISING); // Attach an Interupt to Pin 2 (interupt 0) for Zero Cross Detection Timer1.initialize(freqStep); // Initialize TimerOne library for the freq we need Timer1.attachInterrupt(dim_check, freqStep); // Use the TimerOne Library to attach an interrupt // to the function we use to check to see if it is // the right time to fire the triac. This function // will now run every freqStep in microseconds. } void zero_cross_detect() { zero_cross = true; // set the boolean to true to tell our dimming function that a zero cross has occured i=0; digitalWrite(AC_pin, LOW); } // Turn on the TRIAC at the appropriate time void dim_check() { if(zero_cross == true) { if(i>=dim) { digitalWrite(AC_pin, HIGH); // turn on light i=0; // reset time step counter zero_cross=false; // reset zero cross detection } else { i++; // increment time step counter } } } void loop() { if (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { if (dim<125) { dim = dim + pas; } else { analogWrite(redLED, 255); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); analogWrite(redLED, 0); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging } } if (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { if (dim>5) { dim = dim - pas; } else { analogWrite(redLED, 255); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); analogWrite(redLED, 0); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging } } while (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... while (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... analogWrite(blueLED, dim); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); }
Pentru a avea 3 pasi (0 - 33% - 67% - 100%) se schimba pasul de la 64 la 42, sketch-ul de venind versiunea 4m1. int pas = 42; // step for count; Starile sunt: - bec stins (LED albastru la maxim):
- bec la 33% (LED albastru la 67%):
- bec la 67% (LED albastru la 33%):
- bec la maxim (LED albastru stins):
Am schimbat culoarea LED-ului indicator in verde, sketch-ul devenind versiunea 4m1.1:
The hardware consists of an Triac to act as an A/C switch and an opto-isolator to give us a zero-crossing reference. The software uses two interrupts to control dimming of the light. The first is a hardware interrupt to detect the zero-cross of the AC sine wave, the second is software based and always running at 1/128 of the AC wave speed. After the zero-cross is detected the function check to make sure the proper dimming level has been reached and the light is turned on mid-wave, only providing partial current and therefore dimming our AC load.
adapted sketch by niq_ro from http://www.tehnic.go.ro http://www.niqro.3x.ro http://nicuflorica.blogspot.com version: 4m1.1 (03.04.2013 - Craiova, Romania) - 3 steps */ #include <TimerOne.h> // Avaiable from http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Code/Timer1 volatile int i=0; // Variable to use as a counter volatile boolean zero_cross=0; // Boolean to store a "switch" to tell us if we have crossed zero int AC_pin = 3; // Output to Opto Triac int buton1 = 4; // first button at pin 4 int buton2 = 5; // second button at pin 5 int redLED = 11; // red LED at pin 11 int greenLED = 9; // green LED at pin 9 int dim = 128; // Dimming level (0-128) 0 = on, 128 = 0ff int pas = 42; // step for count; int freqStep = 75; // This is the delay-per-brightness step in microseconds. // It is calculated based on the frequency of your voltage supply (50Hz or 60Hz) // and the number of brightness steps you want. // // The only tricky part is that the chopper circuit chops the AC wave twice per // cycle, once on the positive half and once at the negative half. This meeans // the chopping happens at 120Hz for a 60Hz supply or 100Hz for a 50Hz supply. // To calculate freqStep you divide the length of one full half-wave of the power // cycle (in microseconds) by the number of brightness steps. // // (1000000 uS / 120 Hz) / 128 brightness steps = 65 uS / brightness step // // 1000000 us / 120 Hz = 8333 uS, length of one half-wave. void setup() { // Begin setup pinMode(buton1, INPUT); // set buton1 pin as input pinMode(AC_pin, OUTPUT); // Set the Triac pin as output pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output attachInterrupt(0, zero_cross_detect, RISING); // Attach an Interupt to Pin 2 (interupt 0) for Zero Cross Detection Timer1.initialize(freqStep); // Initialize TimerOne library for the freq we need Timer1.attachInterrupt(dim_check, freqStep); // Use the TimerOne Library to attach an interrupt // to the function we use to check to see if it is // the right time to fire the triac. This function // will now run every freqStep in microseconds. } void zero_cross_detect() { zero_cross = true; // set the boolean to true to tell our dimming function that a zero cross has occured i=0; digitalWrite(AC_pin, LOW); } // Turn on the TRIAC at the appropriate time void dim_check() { if(zero_cross == true) { if(i>=dim) { digitalWrite(AC_pin, HIGH); // turn on light i=0; // reset time step counter zero_cross=false; // reset zero cross detection } else { i++; // increment time step counter } } } void loop() { if (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { if (dim<125) { dim = dim + pas; } else { analogWrite(redLED, 255); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); analogWrite(redLED, 0); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging } } if (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { if (dim>5) { dim = dim - pas; } else { analogWrite(redLED, 255); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); analogWrite(redLED, 0); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging } } while (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... while (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... analogWrite(greenLED, dim); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); }
- bec stins (LED verde la maxim):
- bec la 33% (LED verde la 67%):
- bec la 67% (LED verde la 33%):
- bec la maxim (LED verde stins):
Pentru a avea 4 trepte de reglaj (0 - 25% - 50% - 75% - 100%) se schimba pasul de la 42 la 32, sketch-ul devenind versiunea 4m2. int pas = 32; // step for count; Starile sunt: - bec la maxim (LED verde stins):
- bec la 75% (LED verde la 25%):
- bec la 50% (LED verde la 50%):
- bec la 55% (LED verde la 75%):
- bec stins (LED verde la maxim):
Pentru a avea 8 trepte de reglaj (0 - 12,5% - 25% - 37,5% - 50% - 62,5% - 75% - 87,5% - 100%), schimbam pasul de la 32 la 16, sketch-ul devenind versiunea 4m3.
Pentru a folosi la maxim LED-ul multicolor (RGB), care imi va indica cu albastru becul stins (rece) pana la rosu (bec la maxim), am folosit urmatorul sketch (versiune 4m4) pentru 4 trepte de intensitate:
The hardware consists of an Triac to act as an A/C switch and an opto-isolator to give us a zero-crossing reference. The software uses two interrupts to control dimming of the light. The first is a hardware interrupt to detect the zero-cross of the AC sine wave, the second is software based and always running at 1/128 of the AC wave speed. After the zero-cross is detected the function check to make sure the proper dimming level has been reached and the light is turned on mid-wave, only providing partial current and therefore dimming our AC load.
adapted sketch by niq_ro from http://www.tehnic.go.ro http://www.niqro.3x.ro http://nicuflorica.blogspot.com version: 4m4 (03.04.2013 - Craiova, Romania) - 4 steps & LED blue to red (off to MAX) */ #include <TimerOne.h> // Avaiable from http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Code/Timer1 volatile int i=0; // Variable to use as a counter volatile boolean zero_cross=0; // Boolean to store a "switch" to tell us if we have crossed zero int AC_pin = 3; // Output to Opto Triac int buton1 = 4; // first button at pin 4 int buton2 = 5; // second button at pin 5 int redLED = 11; // red LED at pin 11 int greenLED = 9; // green LED at pin 9 int blueLED = 10; // blue LED at pin 10 int dim2 = 0; // led control int dim = 128; // Dimming level (0-128) 0 = on, 128 = 0ff int pas = 32; // step for count; int freqStep = 75; // This is the delay-per-brightness step in microseconds. // It is calculated based on the frequency of your voltage supply (50Hz or 60Hz) // and the number of brightness steps you want. // // The only tricky part is that the chopper circuit chops the AC wave twice per // cycle, once on the positive half and once at the negative half. This meeans // the chopping happens at 120Hz for a 60Hz supply or 100Hz for a 50Hz supply. // To calculate freqStep you divide the length of one full half-wave of the power // cycle (in microseconds) by the number of brightness steps. // // (1000000 uS / 120 Hz) / 128 brightness steps = 65 uS / brightness step // // 1000000 us / 120 Hz = 8333 uS, length of one half-wave. void setup() { // Begin setup pinMode(buton1, INPUT); // set buton1 pin as input pinMode(AC_pin, OUTPUT); // Set the Triac pin as output pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output pinMode(blueLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output attachInterrupt(0, zero_cross_detect, RISING); // Attach an Interupt to Pin 2 (interupt 0) for Zero Cross Detection Timer1.initialize(freqStep); // Initialize TimerOne library for the freq we need Timer1.attachInterrupt(dim_check, freqStep); // Use the TimerOne Library to attach an interrupt // to the function we use to check to see if it is // the right time to fire the triac. This function // will now run every freqStep in microseconds. } void zero_cross_detect() { zero_cross = true; // set the boolean to true to tell our dimming function that a zero cross has occured i=0; digitalWrite(AC_pin, LOW); } // Turn on the TRIAC at the appropriate time void dim_check() { if(zero_cross == true) { if(i>=dim) { digitalWrite(AC_pin, HIGH); // turn on light i=0; // reset time step counter zero_cross=false; // reset zero cross detection } else { i++; // increment time step counter } } } void loop() { if (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { if (dim<127) { dim = dim + pas; if (dim>127) { dim=127; } } else { analogWrite(greenLED, 255); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); analogWrite(greenLED, 0); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging } } if (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { if (dim>5) { dim = dim - pas; if (dim<0) { dim=1; } } else { analogWrite(greenLED, 255); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); analogWrite(greenLED, 0); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging } } while (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... while (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... analogWrite(blueLED, 2*dim-2); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging dim2 = 256-2*dim+1; if (dim2<0) { dim2 = 0; } analogWrite(redLED, dim2); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); }
Starile sunt: - bec stins (LED albastru la maxim, LED rosu stins):
- bec la 25% (LED albastru la 75%, LED rosu la 25%):
- bec la 25% (LED albastru la 75%, LED rosu la 25%):
- bec la 25% (LED albastru la 75%, LED rosu la 25%):
- bec la maxim (LED albastru stins, LED rosu aprins):
Dupa cum se va observa in filmulete, la apasarea butonului de reducere a intensitatii si becul este stins se aprinde scurt LED-ul verde; acelasi lucru se intampla si pentru apasarea butonului de crestere a intensitatii si becul este la maxim. 4.4.2013 Pentru a avea 8 trepte de iluminare, se injumatateste pasul int pas = 16; // step for count; acum sketch-ul a devenit versiunea 4m5. /* AC Light Control Updated by Robert Twomey <rtwomey@u.washington.edu> Thanks to http://www.andrewkilpatrick.org/blog/?page_id=445 and http://www.hoelscher-hi.de/hendrik/english/dimmer.htm adapted sketch by niq_ro from http://www.tehnic.go.ro http://www.niqro.3x.ro http://nicuflorica.blogspot.com version: 4m5 (04.04.2013 - Craiova, Romania) - 8 steps & LED blue to red (off to MAX) */ #include <TimerOne.h> // Avaiable from http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Code/Timer1 volatile int i=0; // Variable to use as a counter volatile boolean zero_cross=0; // Boolean to store a "switch" to tell us if we have crossed zero int AC_pin = 3; // Output to Opto Triac int buton1 = 4; // first button at pin 4 int buton2 = 5; // second button at pin 5 int redLED = 11; // red LED at pin 11 int greenLED = 9; // green LED at pin 9 int blueLED = 10; // blue LED at pin 10 int dim2 = 0; // led control int dim = 128; // Dimming level (0-128) 0 = on, 128 = 0ff int pas = 16; // step for count; int freqStep = 75; // This is the delay-per-brightness step in microseconds. void setup() { // Begin setup pinMode(buton1, INPUT); // set buton1 pin as input pinMode(AC_pin, OUTPUT); // Set the Triac pin as output pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output pinMode(blueLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output attachInterrupt(0, zero_cross_detect, RISING); // Attach an Interupt to Pin 2 (interupt 0) for Zero Cross Detection Timer1.initialize(freqStep); // Initialize TimerOne library for the freq we need Timer1.attachInterrupt(dim_check, freqStep); // Use the TimerOne Library to attach an interrupt } void zero_cross_detect() { zero_cross = true; // set the boolean to true to tell our dimming function that a zero cross has occured i=0; digitalWrite(AC_pin, LOW); } // Turn on the TRIAC at the appropriate time void dim_check() { if(zero_cross == true) { if(i>=dim) { digitalWrite(AC_pin, HIGH); // turn on light i=0; // reset time step counter zero_cross=false; // reset zero cross detection } else { i++; // increment time step counter } } } void loop() { if (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { if (dim<127) { dim = dim + pas; if (dim>127) { dim=127; } } else { analogWrite(greenLED, 255); // LED is ON for indicate an error delay (100); analogWrite(greenLED, 0); // LED is now OFF } } if (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { if (dim>5) { dim = dim - pas; if (dim<0) { dim=1; } } else { analogWrite(greenLED, 255); // LED is ON for indicate an error delay (100); analogWrite(greenLED, 0); // LED is now OFF } } while (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... while (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... analogWrite(blueLED, 2*dim-2); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging dim2 = 256-2*dim+1; if (dim2<0) { dim2 = 0; } analogWrite(redLED, dim2); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging delay (100); }
Starile sunt:
- bec stins (LED albastru aprins 100%, iar cel rosu stins)
- bec la treapta 1:
- bec la treapta 2:
- bec la treapta 3:
- bec la treapta 4:
- bec la treapta 5:
- bec la treapta 6:
- bec la treapta 7:
- bec aprins la maxim (LED rosu aprins la 100%, iar cel albastru stins):
Pentru a avea 16 trepte de iluminare, se injumatateste pasul fata de cel pentru 8 trepte:
int pas = 8; // step for count; // version: 4m6 (04.04.2013 - Craiova, Romania) - 16 steps & LED blue to red (off to MAX)
acum sketch-ul a devenit versiunea 4m6, fiind completat si cu monitorizare seriala (pe ecranul monitorului) a valorilor intensitatii becului si celor 2 LED-uri (rosu si albastru):
/*
AC Light Control Updated by Robert Twomey <rtwomey@u.washington.edu> Thanks to http://www.andrewkilpatrick.org/blog/?page_id=445 and http://www.hoelscher-hi.de/hendrik/english/dimmer.htm adapted sketch by niq_ro from http://www.tehnic.go.ro http://www.niqro.3x.ro http://nicuflorica.blogspot.com */ #include <TimerOne.h> // Avaiable from http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Code/Timer1 volatile int i=0; // Variable to use as a counter volatile boolean zero_cross=0; // Boolean to store a "switch" to tell us if we have crossed zero int AC_pin = 3; // Output to Opto Triac int buton1 = 4; // first button at pin 4 int buton2 = 5; // second button at pin 5 int redLED = 11; // red LED at pin 11 int greenLED = 9; // green LED at pin 9 int blueLED = 10; // blue LED at pin 10 int dim2 = 0; // led control int dim = 128; // Dimming level (0-128) 0 = on, 128 = 0ff int pas = 8; // step for count; // version: 4m6 (04.04.2013 - Craiova, Romania) - 16 steps & LED blue to red (off to MAX) int freqStep = 75; // This is the delay-per-brightness step in microseconds. void setup() { // Begin setup Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(buton1, INPUT); // set buton1 pin as input pinMode(AC_pin, OUTPUT); // Set the Triac pin as output pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output pinMode(blueLED, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output attachInterrupt(0, zero_cross_detect, RISING); // Attach an Interupt to Pin 2 (interupt 0) for Zero Cross Detection Timer1.initialize(freqStep); // Initialize TimerOne library for the freq we need Timer1.attachInterrupt(dim_check, freqStep); // Use the TimerOne Library to attach an interrupt } void zero_cross_detect() { zero_cross = true; // set the boolean to true to tell our dimming function that a zero cross has occured i=0; digitalWrite(AC_pin, LOW); } // Turn on the TRIAC at the appropriate time void dim_check() { if(zero_cross == true) { if(i>=dim) { digitalWrite(AC_pin, HIGH); // turn on light i=0; // reset time step counter zero_cross=false; // reset zero cross detection } else { i++; // increment time step counter } } } void loop() { if (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { if (dim<127) { dim = dim + pas; if (dim>127) { dim=127; } } else { analogWrite(greenLED, 255); // LED is ON for indicate an error delay (100); analogWrite(greenLED, 0); // LED is now OFF } } if (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { if (dim>5) { dim = dim - pas; if (dim<0) { dim=1; } } else { analogWrite(greenLED, 255); // LED is ON for indicate an error delay (100); analogWrite(greenLED, 0); // LED is now OFF } } while (digitalRead(buton1) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... while (digitalRead(buton2) == LOW) { } delay(10); // waiting little bit... analogWrite(blueLED, 2*dim); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging dim2 = 255-2*dim; if (dim2<0) { dim2 = 0; } analogWrite(redLED, dim2); // write dimmer value to the LED, for debugging Serial.print("dim="); Serial.print(dim); Serial.print(" dim2="); Serial.print(dim2); Serial.print(" dim1="); Serial.print(2*dim); Serial.print('\n'); delay (100); }
