Cum se foloseste metoda multiplexarii la afisajele led cu 7 segmente...

    In ai multe proiecte am folosit metoda multiplexarii, care pentru anumite persoane e ceva ciudat si de neinteles, asa ca o sa incerc sa va prezint aceasta metoda, cum am folosit-o eu la ceasuri sau la termostatele cu afisaj led din 7 segmente.

    Un exemplu concret este ceasul NTP cu date meteo de la senzor DHT22 pe afisaj led multiplexat (catod comun)

acolo am folosit un afisaj cu catod comun, avand codul LFD080AAG-103-01 la care i-am adaugat rezistente a fiecare segment (a...g + punctul zecimal).

   Un afisaj cu anod comun este KW4-563ASA, folosit initial in articolul Afisaje LED cu 7 segmente si.. Arduino (in 2013)

   Metoda este folosita de foarte mult timp, in primul rand, pentru ca reduce mult namarul de pini ai afisajului:  la afisajul multiplexat cu 4 cifre sunt doar 12 pini (4 cifre si 8 segmente), pe cand la un afisaj cu comanda separata sunt folositi 28 pini (4 grupe de cate 8 segmente).

   Daca vreau sa afisez ora 12:34, sunt 2 cazuri:

- cu secundele aprinse (in cazul de fata, doar punctul zecimal de la cifra a 2-a)

- fara secunde

   Bun, acum, pentru cazul afisarii orei cu secunda:

respectiv fara secunda

deci sunt 4 timpi:

- primul timp: se alimenteaza prima afisaj si se aprinde cifra 1

- al doilea timp: se alimenteaza al doilea afisaj si se aprinde cifra 2 ( cu sau fara punctul zecimal)

- al treilea timp: se alimenteaza al treilea afisaj si se aprinde cifra 3

- al patrulea timp: se alimenteaza al patrulea afisaj si se aprinde cifra 4

apoi se repeta de la timpul 1.

   La afisajele cu anod comun, un fisaj se comanda prin alimentarea cu plus a pinului comun si conectarea minusului, cel putin printr-o rezistenta de limitare a curentului, la toate segmentele dorite a se aprinde, iar la afisajul cu catod comun, segmentele seconecteaza la plus prin rezistenta si la masa se conecteaza pinul comun. Cifrele si anumite litere sau simboluri se fac cum e prezentat in articolul 7-segment HEX decoder

   Cand doresc sa afisez temperatura:

sau umiditatea relativa:

sau

     Puteti vedea 2 filmulete recente:

- ceas RTC in format de 12/ 24 ore cu reglaj manual, data alarma si termometru (1)

- RTC clock with manual adjust, date, alarm & temperature 2022 (1)

care deriva din materialul prezentat in articolul Ceas cu reglaj manual al orei si datei, alarma si termometru pe afisaj multiplexat cu 4 cifre led

si are mai multe versiuni de sketch-uri pe https://github.com/tehniq3/multiplexedclock4b, iar schema este 

 

la care se poate conecta or un afisaj cu catod comun ori unul cu anod comun, doar se modifica cateva linii:

respectiv

   Un mod mai frumos de afisare a secundelor, consta in intoarcerea, cel putin a afisajului 3:

cum am folsit la ceasul "caramida din lemn"

dupa cum se vede si in filmuletul humidity and temperature with DHT11 using 7-segment LED from a broken wood brick clock (VIII)

Refolosirea unui afisaj de ceas "caramida din lemn"

   Un ceas "caramida din lemn" (wood brick clock) are 4 afisaje cu 7 segmente de 30mm (inaltimea unei cifre), conectate multiplexat, iar al treilea afisaj este montat rotit la 180 grade pentru o prezentare mai frumoasa a secundelor.

   Am folosit sketch-urile din articolul Afisaje LED cu 7 segmente si.. Arduino (II) pentru a afisa temperatura si umiditatea, conectand pe langa afisaj si senzorul DHT11, ca si un afisaj multiplexat normal:

   In diferite stadii de testare am avut situatiile:

 

 

 

 

 

- umiditatea cu simbol universal "H"

 

- umiditatea, cu simbol "u"

 

- umiditatea cu un simbol apropiat de cel pentru procent (%)

 

- temperatura de 18 grade Celsius:

   Am conectat si modulul de reac cu DS1307:

   Am folosit sketch-urile (programelele) pentru combinatia senzor DHT11 si ceas de timp real cu DS1307, obtinand urmatoarele situatii neacceptabile:

- cifra 4 arata a "h"

    - cifra 1 este in dreapta 

 - cifra 3 este litera "E"

    Dupa ce am modificat programul prin adaugarea unor caractere noi am obtinut afisarea corecta:

 

 

   Am facut 2 filmulete cu prezentarea corecta, unul se numeste humidity and temperature with DHT11 using 7-segment LED from a broken wood brick clock (VI), iar celalalt se numeste humidity and temperature with DHT11 using 7-segment LED from a broken wood brick clock (VII)

   Ca sa nu las treaba neterminata, postez si programiorul ultimei variante:

// adapted sketch by niq_ro from http://www.tehnic.go.ro 
// version 2.2 from 30.10.2013, Craiova - Romania
/*
 6-13-2011
 Spark Fun Electronics 2011
 Nathan Seidle

 This code is public domain but you buy me a beer if you use this and we meet 
 someday (Beerware license).

 4 digit 7 segment display:
 http://www.sparkfun.com/products/9483
 Datasheet: 
 http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/LED/7-Segment/YSD-439AR6B-35.pdf

 This is an example of how to drive a 7 segment LED display from an ATmega
 without the use of current limiting resistors. This technique is very common 
 but requires some knowledge of electronics - you do run the risk of dumping 
 too much current through the segments and burning out parts of the display. 
 If you use the stock code you should be ok, but be careful editing the 
 brightness values.

 This code should work with all colors (red, blue, yellow, green) but the 
 brightness will vary from one color to the next because the forward voltage 
 drop of each color is different. This code was written and calibrated for the 
 red color.

 This code will work with most Arduinos but you may want to re-route some of 
 the pins.

 7 segments
 4 digits
 1 colon
 =
 12 pins required for full control 

 */
// modified connexion by niq_ro from http://nicuflorica.blogspot.com
// for my Luckylight KW4-563ASA
// dataseet: http://www.tme.eu/ro/Document/dfc2efde2e22005fd28615e298ea2655/KW4-563XSA.pdf

int digit1 = 11; //PWM Display pin 12 (digit1 is common anonds A1 from right side)
int digit2 = 10; //PWM Display pin 9 (digit2 is  common A2)
int digit3 = 9; //PWM Display pin 8 (digit3 is common anods A3)
int digit4 = 6; //PWM Display pin 6 (digit4 is common anods, from left side)

//Pin mapping from Arduino to the ATmega DIP28 if you need it
//http://www.arduino.cc/en/Hacking/PinMapping
int segA = 2; //Display pin 11
int segB = 3; //Display pin 7
int segC = 4; //Display pin 4
int segD = 5; //Display pin 2
int segE = 12; //Display pin 1
int segF = 7; //Display pin 10
int segG = 8; //Display pin 5
int segDP = 13; // Display pin 3

#include "DHT.h"
#define DHTPIN A2     // what pin we're connected to
#define DHTTYPE DHT11   // DHT 11 
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h"
RTC_DS1307 RTC;

// Date and time functions using a DS1307 RTC connected via I2C and Wire lib
// original sketck from http://learn.adafruit.com/ds1307-real-time-clock-breakout-board-kit/
// add part with SQW=1Hz from http://tronixstuff.wordpress.com/2010/10/20/tutorial-arduino-and-the-i2c-bus/


void setup() {

  Wire.begin();
  RTC.begin();
 RTC.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
// if you need set clock... just remove // from line above this

// part code for flashing LED
Wire.beginTransmission(0x68);
Wire.write(0x07); // move pointer to SQW address
// Wire.write(0x00); // turns the SQW pin off
 Wire.write(0x10); // sends 0x10 (hex) 00010000 (binary) to control register - turns on square wave at 1Hz
// Wire.write(0x13); // sends 0x13 (hex) 00010011 (binary) 32kHz

Wire.endTransmission();

  if (! RTC.isrunning()) {
    Serial.println("RTC is NOT running!");
    // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
    RTC.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
  }
  
  
 dht.begin();

  pinMode(segA, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segB, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segC, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segD, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segE, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segF, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segG, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segDP, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(digit1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit4, OUTPUT);
  
//  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

 Serial.begin(9600);
 Serial.println("test for niq_ro");
}

void loop() 
{
  
digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
  DateTime now = RTC.now();
   int timp = now.hour()*100+now.minute();
//   int timp = (now.minute(), DEC);
//   displayNumber(12); // this is number to diplay
//   int timp = 1234;
  Serial.print(now.hour(), DEC);
  Serial.print(":");
  Serial.print(now.minute(), DEC);
  Serial.print(" -> ");
  Serial.print(timp);
  Serial.println(" !");
  
/*  
 for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) {
   ora10(timp); } 
*/
int minutzi = now.minute()/10;
 Serial.print(minutzi);

if (timp>999)
{
   if (minutzi==3)
   {
     Serial.print(minutzi);
     for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) ora12(timp); 
   }
   else
   if  (minutzi==1) {
     Serial.print(minutzi);
     for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) ora11(timp); 
   }
   else
   if  (minutzi==4) {
     Serial.print(minutzi);
     for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) ora13(timp); 
   }  
   else
   {
     Serial.print(minutzi);
     for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) ora10(timp); 
   } 
}
else
// for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) ora20(timp); 

{
   if (minutzi==3)
   {
     Serial.print(minutzi);
     for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) ora22(timp); 
   }
   else
   if  (minutzi==1) {
     Serial.print(minutzi);
     for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) ora21(timp); 
   }
   else
   if  (minutzi==4) {
     Serial.print(minutzi);
     for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) ora23(timp); 
   }  
   else
   {
     Serial.print(minutzi);
     for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) ora20(timp); 
   } 
}


/*   
//for tests
  for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) {
   displayNumber11(timp); 
}
  for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) {
   displayNumber13(timp); 
}
  for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) {
   displayNumber14(timp); 
}

*/

/*  
  for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) {
   displayNumber01(timp); 
}
*/

  

 int h = dht.readHumidity();
 int t = dht.readTemperature();
// int t=6; // just for test

if (t < 10)
{
 for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) {
     temperatura2(t); // this is number to diplay
   }
}
else
 {for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) {
     temperatura1(t); // this is number to diplay
   }
 }  
   for(int i = 1000 ; i >0  ; i--) {
     umidit(h); // this is number to diplay
   }
}


//Given a number, we display 10:22
//After running through the 4 numbers, the display is left turned off

//Display brightness
//Each digit is on for a certain amount of microseconds
//Then it is off until we have reached a total of 20ms for the function call
//Let's assume each digit is on for 1000us
//Each digit is on for 1ms, there are 4 digits, so the display is off for 16ms.
//That's a ratio of 1ms to 16ms or 6.25% on time (PWM).
//Let's define a variable called brightness that varies from:
//5000 blindingly bright (15.7mA current draw per digit)
//2000 shockingly bright (11.4mA current draw per digit)
//1000 pretty bright (5.9mA)
//500 normal (3mA)
//200 dim but readable (1.4mA)
//50 dim but readable (0.56mA)
//5 dim but readable (0.31mA)
//1 dim but readable in dark (0.28mA)


// if temperature is >= 10 degree Celsius
void temperatura1(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
      digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
      toDisplay /= 10;
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
      toDisplay /= 10;
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(11); // display degree symbol
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(12); // display C letter
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
    }
     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 

// if temperature is < 10 degree Celsius
void temperatura2(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
      digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
      lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
      toDisplay /= 10;
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
      toDisplay /= 10;
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(11); // display degree symbol
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(12); // display C letter
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
    }
     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 


// for humidity
void umidit(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
 for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
   //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
      digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
      toDisplay /= 10;
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
      toDisplay /= 10;
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(11); // display degree symbol
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      lightNumber(13); // display "o" letter
      delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 
      break;
    }
     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 

// clock for hour >=10
void ora10(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      //digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    }
    lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
    toDisplay /= 10;
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 


// clock for hour >=10 and minutes is 1x
// ora e din 2 cifre si minutele incep cu cifra 1...
void ora11(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
     lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
       toDisplay /= 10;
     break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
       break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      //digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      lightNumber(31); // display rotated 1 number
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
    //   lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
    
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
      break;
    }
   
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 

// clock for hour >=10 and minutes is 3x
// ora e din 2 cifre si minutele incep cu cifra 3...
void ora12(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
     lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
       toDisplay /= 10;
     break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
       break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      //digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      lightNumber(33); // display rotated 3
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
    //   lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
    
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
      break;
    }
   
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 


// clock for hour >=10 and minutes is 4x
// ora e din 2 cifre si minutele incep cu cifra 4...
void ora13(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
     lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
       toDisplay /= 10;
     break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
       break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      //digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      lightNumber(34); // display rotated 4
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
    //   lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
    
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
      break;
    }
   
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 



// clock for hour <10
void ora20(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
     lightNumber(10); // off first value
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
     break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      break;
    }
    lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
    toDisplay /= 10;
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 


// clock for hour <10 and minutes is 1x
// ora e din 2 cifre si minutele incep cu cifra 1...
void ora21(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
     lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
       toDisplay /= 10;
     break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
       break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      //digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      lightNumber(31); // display rotated 1 number
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
    //   lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
    
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
      break;
    }
   
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 

// clock for hour <10 and minutes is 3x
// ora e din 2 cifre si minutele incep cu cifra 3...
void ora22(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
     lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
       toDisplay /= 10;
     break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
       break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      //digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      lightNumber(33); // display rotated 3
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
    //   lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
    
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
      break;
    }
   
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 


// clock for hour <10 and minutes is 4x
// ora e din 2 cifre si minutele incep cu cifra 4...
void ora23(int toDisplay) {
#define DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS  500
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW
  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
     digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
     lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
       toDisplay /= 10;
     break;
   case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
       break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      //digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
      lightNumber(34); // display rotated 4
      digitalWrite(segDP, LOW);
    //   lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
    
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
       lightNumber(toDisplay % 10);
        toDisplay /= 10;
      break;
    }
   
    delayMicroseconds(DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS); 

     //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10); 

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
     digitalWrite(segDP, HIGH);
}
} 




//Given a number, turns on those segments
//If number == 10, then turn off number
void lightNumber(int numberToDisplay) {

#define SEGMENT_ON  LOW
#define SEGMENT_OFF HIGH

  switch (numberToDisplay){

  case 0:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;

  case 1:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;

  case 2:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 3:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 4:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 5:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 6:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 7:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;

  case 8:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 9:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  // all segment are ON
  case 10:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;
  
  // degree symbol made by niq_ro
  case 11:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  // C letter made by niq_ro
  case 12:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;
  
 // "o mic" letter made by niq_ro
  case 13:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
    
 // "rotated 3" made by niq_ro
  case 33:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
 
 // "rotated 1" made by niq_ro
  case 31:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;
    
  // "rotated 4" made by niq_ro
  case 34:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
    
  }
}

   Ulterior am rezolvat si cu animatia "secundelor", cum e prezentat in filmuletul humidity and temperature with DHT11 using 7-segment LED from a broken wood brick clock (VIII)